In turn, the observed inconsistency in findings has been interpreted as potentially resulting from heterogeneity in study methods, such as different or low-resolution measures and the potential impact of other substance use or other confounders that are not addressed. 7Īcross the existing literature, however, there are substantial inconsistencies in the links between cannabis and cognition. Finally, although few studies have investigated the effects of cannabis use on motor learning, a recent synthesis of the existing literature identified evidence for persistent motor deficits and emphasized the need for further investigation. Another systematic review by Ganzer and colleagues 6 focused on the neurocognitive effects of chronic cannabis use during an extended period of abstinence, finding evidence for persistent memory deficits during abstinence and mixed findings for other cognitive domains. However, the evidence for effects on other cognitive domains (i.e., working memory, executive function and decision-making) was weak, conflicting or both. Based on findings from 105 studies, they found consistent evidence for the detrimental effect of both acute and chronic cannabis use on verbal learning and memory, attention and psychomotor performance. A recent systematic review by Broyd and colleagues 5 synthesized the literature examining the acute and residual effects of cannabis use on performance during task-based neuropsychological measures. 5 In addition, many studies have reported associations between long-term cannabis use and impaired cognition, both during and after acute intoxication, although the evidence to date is mixed in terms of consistent findings and methodological rigour. Acute administration of THC has been shown repeatedly to decrease performance on a variety of neuropsychological tasks. Of the many chemical constituents found in cannabis, the most well studied is the psychoactive component Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). There is also considerable concern about the adverse effects of cannabis use on cognitive abilities, such as memory, attention and learning. Frequent cannabis use has been associated with a number of adverse health consequences, such as motor vehicle injuries, cannabis use disorder (CUD), increased risk of psychotic disorders and chronic bronchitis. 1 Increases in use are particularly apparent among adolescents and young adults, 2 and may escalate further with legalization of recreational use in several states in the United States and nationwide in Canada. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada ( Amlung, MacKillop) the Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA (Oshri) the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (Sweet) and the Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ont., Canada ( MacKillop)PhDĬannabis is one of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs in the world: an estimated 2.5% of the world’s population has reported cannabis use in the last year. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Petker, Amlung, MacKillop) the Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada (Petker, Amlung, MacKillop) the Addiction Medicine Service, Homewood Health Centre, Guelph, Ont., Canada (Petker, Owens) the Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA (Sweet, MacKillop) the Michael G. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ont., Canada ( Amlung, MacKillop) the Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA (Oshri) the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA (Sweet) and the Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, Ont., Canada ( MacKillop)MScįrom the Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. From the Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St.
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